Klappenschrank

A Klappenschrank was a piece of equipment in the early days of the telephone, that was used to connect two subscribers with each other.

It was operated by a Fräulein vom Amt and was effectively a board made up of holes – one hole per line, covered with a small cap.  The caps would flap to show that someone wanted to make a phone call, and often a light bulb would show that a line was still in use.  Two holes would be connected by a wire to establish the call between the two parties.

They stopped being used on the telephone network in the western German states in 1966, and in the GDR in 1987.

To hear a simple explanation and a short discussion in German, listen to the podcast:

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How do you address a German teacher?

With our daughter starting school a few weeks ago, I have had an interesting thought: how do children address a teacher in Germany?

I don’t necessarily mean whether the children are on first-name terms with their teachers, because as far as I am aware they are not.  They are referred to as “Herr” or “Frau” with their surnames.

But, do they use the informal Du or the formal Sie form to talk to them?

Normal German protocol would require them to use Sie when talking to someone that they are not on first-name times with, and especially someone who is considerably older then they are.

I’m just not sure how many 6-year-olds have mastered the formal verb conjunctions.  Perhaps it just comes naturally to them?

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