When bio-ethanol gets cold

With the temperature dipping to -2°C this week, I had an unexpected chance to find out how bio-ethanol reacts to the colder weather.

This is not as cold is it can get in winter here – I’ve experienced -18°C before now! But with the cold wind blowing it certainly felt different to the temperatures that we had been having the previous week.

When bio-ethanol gets cold it apparently gets sluggish. This is why there is a socket on the front of the car, so that I can attach it to the mains and warm the tank up slightly before driving off. Well, that’s the theory at least. As I don’t have an electrical socket anywhere near where I had parked the car, that wasn’t really a solution.

The alternative is to put some normal petrol into the tank during the winter. Again, the drop in temperature came so unexpected, that I hadn’t done this and had only E85 in the tank.

So I drove off anyway – and I can’t say that I noticed any difference. Perhaps the cold temperature hadn’t affected the bio-ethanol as much as I had expected? Perhaps it just wasn’t cold enough yet!

I shall be keeping a watchful eye on the thermometer and may well start mixing in some normal fuel next month.

Stern, Spiegel & Focus

Stern, Spiegel and Focus are three German magazines. They appear weekly and feature topics from German society. Some have more political topics, others concentrate more on the economy. Politically, they occupy three slightly different positions.

Stern and Spiegel have been published for nearly 60 years, whereas Focus first started in the 1990s.

To hear a simple explanation in German, listen to the podcast:

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Der Stern | Der Spiegel | Der Focus

Dynamite

No, I’m not trying to explain the political situation at Santa Cruz airport – I mean the real thing. There are reports that it was thrown at a house near the Venezuelan Consulate in Santa Cruz.

My first reaction was: why? But not why dynamite, but why Venezuelan?

Venezuela and Bolivia normally get on so well together – and that’s the problem, their presidents get on well together, and since Santa Cruz is trying to gain some degree autonomy from the Bolivian Government, it would to put Venezuela on the wrong side.

Readers who are not so familiar with Bolivia may be wondering where the dynamite came from. The truth is, that it is not very difficult to buy – as I myself have witnessed, as have most visitors to Potosí that have been on or even inside the cerro rico.

Here there are small stalls selling essentials for the minors inside, and visitors often buy items from the stalls to give to the minors in exchange for them explaining their work. These can be coca leaves, sticks of dynamite, fuses or even a black potato-based mixture that acts as a catalyst on the coca leaves and increases their effectiveness against the effects of the altitude.

So it came as no surprise to hear that dynamite was readily available – but it is the first time that I have heard of it being used in this way. Protests in Bolivia are not uncommon, but the advice to travellers was always just to accept them and any associated delays, and not to try and pass roadblocks or demonstrations.

With explosives involved, these protests may have just taken on a whole new, unfortunate, dimension.

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